Science

» 19th Century Scientific American
   Though very different from today's Scientific American Magazine, the articles of the 19th Century Scientific American is a nice read for students of this period.

   
   http://www.history.rochester.edu/Scientific_American/index.html

» 4000 Years of Women in Science
   Women's contributions to Science, from Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century.

   
   http://www.astr.ua.edu/4000WS/

» A Science and Technology Odyssey
   Timeline of the history of science and technology from 20,000 BC to 1800.

   
   http://www.science-ebooks.com/timeline

» A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom
   Complete text of the 1896 classic by Andrew Dickson White.

   
   http://human-nature.com/reason/white/contents.html

» A Science Odyssey
   Presents the people and the discoveries of 20th century science and technology in a variety of accessible, and interactive Web features. Based on the PBS television series.

   
   http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/

» Ancient Greece: Science and Technology
   Discusses early inventions, such as calculating devices, machines using gears, steam engines, war technology, and town planning. Some mathematicians included are Thales, Pythagoras, Euclid, Archimedes, and Appolonius. Some topical concepts covered

   
   http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Greeks.htm

» Ancient Greek Science
   Learn about the scientists of ancient Greece, what they have contributed to science, and information about their background.

   
   http://www.angelfire.com/ca5/ancientgreecescience/

» Anyone Vague Science Essays
   Twentieth century scientists write about their discoveries and about the value of science.

   
   http://www.geocities.com/anyonevague/essays/

» Australian Science Archives Project - ASAPWeb
   Aims to improve access to Australia's scientific, technological and medical heritage by helping to preserve records and artifacts and communicating the existence of this heritage to a wide audience. Includes scientist biographies.

   
   http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/

» Birr Castle Demesne
   A science museum in Ireland devoted to the astronomical, engineering botantical and photographical work of the Parsons family.

   
   http://www.birrcastle.com/

» Britain and the Rise of Science
   Lisa Jardine investigates the origins of the commitment to science as the firm basis for Britain's success in commerce and industry. From the BBC.

   
   http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/jardineih_01.shtml

» Calendars Through the Ages
   History and FAQs of various calendars, including Julian, Gregorian, Jewish, Islamic, Chinese, and Mayan. Astronomy, years, months, and days of the week.

   
   http://webexhibits.org/calendars/

» Commentary on the Effects of Electricity on Muscular Motion
   Facsimile of Galvani's original and an English translation.

   
   http://www.bo.infn.it/galvani/de-vir-eng.html

» Darwin-L Archives on the Historical Sciences
   Archives of messages and supporting materials from this professional discussion group on the history and theory of the historical sciences.

   
   http://rjohara.net/darwin/

» Daylight Saving Time
   History from Benjamin Franklin to the present. U.S. law and practice. Worldwide time change dates.

   
   http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/

» Echo Science and Technology Virtual Center
   Annotated catalogue of history of science, technology, and medicine resources.

   
   http://echo.gmu.edu/

» Epact: Scientific Instruments of Medieval and Renaissance Europe
   Online database of medieval and Renaissance scientific instruments made before 1600 A.D. held at four European museums.

   
   http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/epact/

» Events in Science, Mathematics and Technology
   Neil Brandt's timeline covers historic highlights from classical mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, astronomy, cosmology, mathematics, and technology. [PDF]

   
   http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/niel/scales/sh-30.pdf

» Faith and Reason.
   On the historical interactions of science and religion. (From PBS.)

   
   http://www.pbs.org/faithandreason/intro/histo-body.html

» From Antiquity to Einstein
   Lecture notes from Jose Wudka of the University of California, Riverside. Page includes definitions and examples of early uses of scientific method, large numbers, early cosmology, Newtonioan laws, electricity, magnetism, waves versus pariticles, and lig

   
   http://phyun5.ucr.edu/~wudka/Physics7/Notes_www/node2.html

» Green Lion Press
   Independent book publisher specializing in history of mathematics and history of science. Includes information on ordering, books available, and how to contact them.

   
   http://www.greenlion.com/

» H-Net Child
   History of Childhood and Youth

   
   http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~child/

» History of Evolutionary Thought
   A timeline with information on major contributors to biology, geology, and paleontology from Aristotle up to the 20th century. From the UC Berkeley Museum of Paleontology.

   
   http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/evothought.html

» History of Optics
   Timeline of optical discoveries and theories, from Euclid to the laser.

   
   http://members.aol.com/WSRNet/D1/hist.htm

» History of Russian Science
   Virtual guide which includes article archives, bibliography, journals, institutiona and news.

   
   http://web.mit.edu/slava/guide/

» History of Salt
   Sodium chloride in history, with many links to further relevant material. From the Salt Institute.

   
   http://www.saltinstitute.org/38.html

» History of Science
   Book reviews from The Bactra Review.

   
   http://www.santafe.edu/~shalizi/reviews/subjects/history-of-science.html

» History of Science and Ethics Internet Resources
   Links to museums, historical instruments galleries, electronic publications, papers, e-mail groups and books

   
   http://www.lib.lsu.edu/sci/chem/internet/history.html

» History of Science and Technology
   A timeline of the history of science that can be organized by either date, or alphabetically by scientist's name, with (very) basic data and some links. Also provides a list of popularizing books on the subject.

   
   http://www.ownyourself.com/scihist.nsf/date

» History of Science in the United States
   Bibliographies of reference and other works, including original sources, and an indexed chronology of American science 1790-1910.

   
   http://home.earthlink.net/~claelliott/

» History of the Physical Sciences in India
   Essay outlining developments in the study of physics and chemistry in India. Lists some of the early atomic theories, as well as insights gathered in the fields of astronomy, optics, sound, and other branches of physics.

   
   http://india_resource.tripod.com/physics.htm

» In Our Time: Science Archive
   BBC Radio 4 series in which Sir Melvyn Bragg discusses a topic in the history of ideas with a trio of experts. This page indexes the discussions on science, both historical and contemporary, for online listening.

   
   http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/inourtime_science.shtml

» Institute and Museum of History of Science - Florence, Italy
   The museum and web site are particularly rich resources for the life and work of Galileo.

   
   http://galileo.imss.firenze.it/

» International Commission on History of Meteorology
   Information about the commission and about meetings discussion the history of meteorology.

   
   http://www.colby.edu/ichm/

» International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science - HOPOS
   Promote serious, scholarly research on the history of the philosophy of science. Includes news and events.

   
   http://scistud.umkc.edu/hopos/

» International Union of History and Philosophy of Science - Division of History of Science
   Information on the organization, together with a links page and listings of upcoming conferences.

   
   http://ppp.unipv.it/dhs

» Internet History of Science Sourcebook
   Links to documents and Web resources pertaining to the history of science including original texts from great scientific thinkers.

   
   http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/science/sciencesbook.html

» Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Scientific Revolution
   Primary sourcebook intended to serve the needs of teachers and students in college survey courses in modern European history and American history.

   
   http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook09.html

» Internet for History and Philosophy of Science
   A free "teach yourself" tutorial on Internet information skills for historians and philosophers of science.

   
   http://www.humbul.ac.uk/vts/hps/

» Islamic Alchemy in the Context of Islamic Science
   Focus on chemistry, botany and medicine with overviews in other areas.

   
   http://www.levity.com/alchemy/islam.html

» Jesuits and the Sciences: 1540-1995
   An exhibit of rare scientific works from the Cudahy Collection of Jesuitica.

   
   http://libraries.luc.edu/about/jesuits/

» Museum of Microscopy
   Virtual museum of microscopes, ranging from the earliest 16th century European instruments to modern microscopes from around the world.

   
   http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/museum/index.html

» Museum of the History of Science, University of Oxford
   Library calalog, image library, and numerous virtual exhibits available online.

   
   http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/

» Muslim Scientists, Mathematicians and Astronomers Before European Renaissance, 700-1500 C.E.
   Historical review of the Muslim contribution to humanity and Islamic Civilization. Gives biographies of scientists and describes their contributions and influence on European thought and discoveries.

   
   http://www.cyberistan.org/islamic/index.htm#scit

» National Cataloguing Unit for the Archives of Contemporary Scientists
   Catalogue of archives of the papers of contemporary British scientists. Search alphabetically, chronologically or by discipline. Also, has list of Nobel prize winners.

   
   http://www.bath.ac.uk/ncuacs/

» Nobel e-Museum
   Biographies and Nobel Lectures of the prizewinners, from the Nobel Foundation.

   
   http://nobelprize.org/

» Office of NIH History
   Foster documentation, preservation, and interpretation of the history of the National Institutes of Health. Features online exhibits, education, and historical resources.

   
   http://history.nih.gov/

» Philosophy, Science and Technology in India
   History of rational philosophy, scientific method, epistomology and technology in ancient India.

   
   http://india_resource.tripod.com/indianhistory.html

» Ptolemy's map
   A small description of Ptolemy's famous map.

   
   http://www.empereur.com/ptolemy.html

» Resources in the History of Science and Technology
   A directory of online and print resources from the University of Alberta library.

   
   http://www.library.ualberta.ca/subject/historyscience/guide/index.cfm

» Reviews of History of Science books
   Reviews, by Danny Yee, of a range of books on the history of science, mostly popular titles.

   
   http://dannyreviews.com/s/history_of_science.html

» Science Timeline
   A chronology from the 7th millennium BC to the present day, with brief explanations of events in the history of western natural philosophy and sciences.

   
   http://www.sciencetimeline.net/

» Science and Engineering Indicators 2004
   Report by the National Science Board and National Science Foundation on U.S. science and technology, including education and research and development, from World War II to the end of the 20th century. [PDF]

   
   http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind04/pdf/volume1.pdf

» Science and You
   Several articles, mostly on history and philosophy of science, aimed at a lay audience.

   
   http://www.scienceandyou.org/

» Some Early Microscopes from the Optical Institute in Wetzlar
   Carl Kellner founded what was named the Optical Institute in Wetzlar Germany in 1849. By 1851 he employed twelve workmen and was producing his first microscopes.

   
   http://www.antique-microscopes.com/kellner/kellner1.html

» Technology and Culture
   A quarterly scholarly journal dedicated to the historical study of technology in its relationships with society and culture. Index and current issue table of contents.

   
   http://etc.technologyandculture.net/

» The Alchemy Web Site
   Comprehensive library of imagery, symbols, music, alchemical texts and commentary. Includes course material in practical alchemy, bibliography, and modern day resources.

   
   http://www.levity.com/alchemy/index.html

» The Cosmic Elk
   Articles, and books on science, history and the history of science, including the history of astronomy, Tudor history and the history of Siberia.

   
   http://homepage.ntlworld.com/heather.hobden1/

» The Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850-1920
   Documents the historical formation and cultural foundations of the movement to conserve and protect America's natural heritage.

   
   http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amrvhtml/conshome.html

» The History and Philosophy of Science, Technology and Medicine
   Long list of internet resources in the field of the history of science.

   
   http://galileo.imss.firenze.it/~tsettle/index.html

» The Scientific Revolution
   Study guide which includes timelines, biographies, glossaries, diagrams, bibliographies, and original research.

   
   http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/rhatch/pages/03-Sci-Rev/SCI-REV-Home/

» Today in Science History
   Memorializes births and deaths of famous and not so famous scientists of the past, and other events in science history. Searchable.

   
   http://www.todayinsci.com/

» University of Massachusetts Amherst: Social and Demographic Research Institue (SADRI)
   Publishes the journal Social Science History, which reports its interdisciplinary research findings. Includes related association links.

   
   http://www.umass.edu/sadri/ssh-journal/

» Victorian Science
   Science in the 19th century. Overview plus much specific information on themes, disciplines, and individuals.

   
   http://www.victorianweb.org/science/sciov.html

» Who Invented the Thermometer?
   Timeline showing the development of the thermometer from Galileo to Kelvin.

   
   http://www.brannan.co.uk/thermometers/invention.html